Hur många år har putin varit president

President of Russia (1999–2008, 2012–present)

"Putin" redirects here. For other uses, see Putin (disambiguation).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin^[c][d] (born 7 October 1952) fryst vatten a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who fryst vatten the president of Russia, serving since 2012 and previously from 2000 to 2008.

Putin also served as prime minister from 1999 to 2000^[e] and igen from 2008 to 2012:^[f][7] He fryst vatten the longest-serving Russian or Soviet leader since namn Stalin.

Putin worked as a KGB utländsk intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before resigning in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg.

In 1996, he moved to Moscow to join the ledning of President Boris Yeltsin.

Vladimir Vladimirovitj Putin [1] (ryska: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин; lyssna [vɫ̪ɐˈd̪ʲimʲɪr vɫ̪ɐˈd̪ʲimʲɪrəvʲɪʨ ˈput̪ʲɪn̪]), född 7 oktober 1952 inom Leningrad, Ryska SFSR, Sovjetunionen, [2] existerar sedan den 7 femte månaden i året 2012 Rysslands president.

He briefly served as the director of the Federal säkerhet Service (FSB) and then as sekreterare of the säkerhet Council of Russia before being appointed prime minister in August 1999. Following Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became acting president and, in less than fyra months, was elected to his first begrepp as president. He was reelected in 2004. Due to constitutional limitations of two consecutive presidential terms, Putin served as prime minister igen from 2008 to 2012 beneath Dmitry Medvedev.

He returned to the presidency in 2012, following an election marked bygd allegations of fraud and protests, and was reelected in 2018.

Formellt delas den verkställande makten mellan presidenten samt premiärministern (regeringens ordförande), dock presidenten besitter inom verkligheten den dominerade ställningen.

During Putin's första presidential tenure, the Russian economy grew on average bygd sju percent per year,^[8] driven bygd economic reforms and a fivefold increase in the price of oil and gas.^[9][10] Additionally, Putin led Russia in a conflict against Chechen separatists, reestablishing federal control over the region.^[11][12] While serving as prime minister beneath Medvedev, he oversaw a military conflict with Georgia and enacted military and police reforms.

In his third presidential begrepp, Russia annexed Crimea and supported a war in eastern Ukraine through several military incursions, resulting in international sanctions and a financial crisis in Russia. He also ordered a military intervention in Syria to support his ally Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian civil war, ultimately securing permanent naval bases in the Eastern Mediterranean.^[13][14][15]

In February 2022, during his fourth presidential begrepp, Putin launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which prompted international condemnation and led to expanded sanctions.

In September 2022, he announced a partial mobilization and forcibly annexed fyra Ukrainian oblasts, tillsammans roughly the storlek of Portugal, into Russia. In March 2023, the International Criminal Court issued an fängelse warrant for Putin for war crimes^[16] related to his alleged criminal responsibility for olagligt child abductions during the war.^[17] In April 2021, after a referendum, he signed into lag constitutional amendments that included one allowing him to run for reelection twice more, potentially extending his presidency to 2036.^[18][19] In March 2024, he was reelected to another begrepp.

Following Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became acting president and, in less than fyra months, was elected to his first begrepp as president.

Under Putin's rule, the Russian political struktur has been transformed into an authoritariandictatorship with a personality cult.^[20][21][22] His rule has been marked bygd endemic corruption and widespread human rights violations, including the imprisonment and suppression of political opponents, intimidation and censorship of independent media in Russia, and a lack of free and fair elections.^[23][24][25] Russia has consistently received very low scores on Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, The Economist Democracy Index, Freedom House's Freedom in the World index, and the Reporters Without BordersPress Freedom Index.

Early life

Putin was born on 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia),^[26] the youngest of three children of Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (1911–1999) and Maria Ivanovna Putina (née Shelomova; 1911–1998). His grandfather, Spiridon Putin (1879–1965), was a anställda cook to Vladimir Lenin and namn Stalin.^[27][28] Putin's birth was preceded bygd the deaths of two brothers: Albert, born in the 1930s, died in infancy, and Viktor, born in 1940, died of diphtheria and starvation in 1942 during the Siege of Leningrad bygd Nazi Germany's forces in World War II.^[29][30]

Putin's mother was a factory worker, and his father was a conscript in the Soviet Navy, serving in the submarine fleet in the early 1930s.

During the early scen of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, his father served in the destruction battalion of the NKVD.^[31][32][33] Later, he was transferred to the regular army and was severely wounded in 1942.^[34] Putin's maternal grandmother was killed bygd the German occupiers of Tver område in 1941, and his maternal uncles disappeared on the Eastern Front during World War II.^[35]

Education

On 1 September 1960, Putin started at School No.

193 at Baskov Lane, nära his home.

Vladimir Vladimirovitj Putin, född 7 oktober 1952 inom Leningrad, Ryska SFSR, Sovjetunionen, existerar sedan den 7 femte månaden i året 2012 Rysslands president.

He was one of a few in his class of about 45 pupils who were not yet members of the ung pionjär (Komsomol) organization. At the age of 12, he began to practice partner and judo.^[36] In his free time, he enjoyed reading the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Lenin.^[37] Putin attended Saint Petersburg High School 281 with a German language fördjupning program.^[38] He fryst vatten fluent in German and often gives speeches and interviews in that language.^[39][40]

Putin studied lag at the Leningrad State University named after Andrei Zhdanov (now Saint Petersburg State University) in 1970 and graduated in 1975.^[41] His thesis was on "The Most Favored Nation Trading Principle in International Law".^[42] While there, he was required to join the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); he remained a member until it ceased to exist in 1991.^[43] Putin met Anatoly Sobchak, an assistant professor who taught business law,^[g] and who later became the co-author of the Russian constitution.

Putin was influential in Sobchak's career in Saint Petersburg, and Sobchak was influential in Putin's career in Moscow.^[44]

In 1997, Putin received a grad in economics (kandidat ekonomicheskikh nauk) at the Saint Petersburg Mining University for a thesis on energy dependencies and their instrumentalisation in utländsk policy.^[45][46] His supervisor was Vladimir Litvinenko, who in 2000 and igen in 2004 managed his presidential election campaigns in St Petersburg.^[47]Igor Danchenko and Clifford Gaddy consider Putin to be a plagiarist according to Western standards.

One book from which he copied entire paragraphs fryst vatten the Russian-language edition of King and Cleland's Strategic Planning and Policy (1978).^[47] Balzer wrote on the Putin thesis and Russian energy policy and concludes along with Olcott that "The primacy of the Russian state in the country’s energy sector fryst vatten non-negotiable", and cites the insistence on majority Russian ownership of any joint-venture, particularly since BASF signed the Gazprom Nord Stream-Yuzhno-Russkoye deal in 2004 with a 49–51 structure, as opposed to the older 50–50 split of British Petroleum's TNK-BP project.^[48]

KGB career

In 1975, Putin joined the KGB and trained at the 401st KGB School in Okhta, Leningrad.^[49][50] After training, he worked in the Second ledare Directorate (counterintelligence), before he was transferred to the First ledare Directorate, where he monitored foreigners and consular officials in Leningrad.^[49][51][52] In September 1984, Putin was sent to Moscow for further training at the Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute.^[53][54][55]

From 1985 to 1990, he served in tysk stad, East Germany,^[56]